Cough syrup is under attack. Studies show it to be ineffective. How is that possible? Mothers have been using it for years! Can the problem be fixed?
In July, 2004 a study published in the journal Pediatrics reported that neither dextromethorphan nor diphenhydramine was more effective than placebo in improving the nighttime cough or sleep of 100 youngsters with upper-respiratory infections.1 Drug industry representatives criticized the Penn State study and also said ”The … FDA … support the use of over-the-counter cough/cold products containing dextromethorphan (DM) and diphenhydramine (DPH) for providing relief of coughs and other symptoms associated with the common cold, and studies support the efficacy of these ingredients.” Hey drug industry, give the FDA time to review the results, okay?
By January, 2006, the American College of Chest Physicians issued guidelines strongly urging that over-the-counter cough and cold medications not be used for children younger than 14.2 The problem is that the active ingredients either haven’t been shown to work, or there is not enough of them to be effective. For instance codeine relieves cough, but non-prescription doses of this narcotic are small (which is probably a good thing). Predictably, the Consumer Healthcare Products Association, a trade group for non-prescription drug makers, disputed the guidelines, even though they were also endorsed by the American Thoracic Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society.
The FDA warned parents not to give non-prescription cough and cold medicines to children under 2 in August, 2007,3 and by October drug companies were recalling products.4 The FDA was also reviewing guidance for children 2 to 11. For adults, OTC cough medications appeared safe, but potentially ineffective, according to a review of 25 trials reported in January, 2008.5
A Better Alternative
That is the background, but where does it leave you? What is a parent supposed to do when their child can’t sleep at 2 AM due to coughing? The answer has been there all along. The studies didn’t say cough syrups where ineffective, they showed cough syrups were ineffective compared to placebos (sugar syrups). You probably already know a spoonful of honey helps reduce cough (better than OTC medicine, even6), it’s the added drugs that don’t help! So the cough syrup idea is still good. (Remember honey is not advised for children under 1.)
But can we do better? Yes. Spice Syrup from Self Health takes a maple syrup base and adds plant oils, specifically clove bud oil, coriander oil, peppermint oil, nutmeg oil, white thyme oil, and fennel oil.7 This formula was developed by my mother, Hulda Clark, based on her research of the anti-bacterial properties of those oils. For instance, a study in 2000 tested oils of black pepper, clove, geranium, nutmeg, oregano and thyme against 25 types of common bacteria, including strains of Clostridium, Enterobacter, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus.8 The results are incredible! All the oils were effective against most of the 25 strains of bacteria! Perhaps this is not so surprising when you consider that plants must defend themselves against infection just like animals. And this is just one study. And only looks at some of the Spice Syrup oils. There are lots of other studies that examine other pathogens, other plant oils, the constituents of plant oils, the variability of those constituents, concentrations required, and so forth. The bottom line is many plant oils are better than prescription antibiotics in terms of efficacy, safety, and resistance.
Oregano in particular has a lot research, including studies that show it kills certain cancer cells.9 But Self Health sells it separately, not in the Spice Syrup formula, why? Dr. Clark probably left it out of her formula because of its fiery taste. It is spicier than hot peppers! You could experiment adding a little to the bottle to make a “Super Spice Syrup” if you could stand the heat. Even diluted 1:10,000 or more, oregano oil is effective! [Note if you use oregano in the kitchen, you probably are not getting a health benefit. Your spice bottle may contain marjoram (Origanum majorana) or Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens). Even if you are using true oregano (Origanum vulgare), if you cook it you will likely lose the volatile oils.]
Variety of Uses
Obviously we have a superior cough syrup. The maple syrup is soothing, and the plant oils kill bacteria. But even if you are not coughing, the formula is very effective for sore throats, bad breath, and toothaches (but still see a dentist). In the stomach Spice Syrup would help food poisoning from Salmonella, for instance, and in the intestine it would kill parasites.
An “off label” use is an appetite suppressent. You will taste a few drops of the strong stuff for hours and other food won’t appeal!
Spice Syrup can also be applied topically as a disinfectant on cuts, or on a fungal infection.
Spice Syrup is safe. It is 100% food you already eat. But it is strong. I wouldn’t suggest taking more than a teaspoon three times a day or it could make you nauseated. I also wouldn’t suggest taking it regularly when you are healthy because, just like prescription antibiotics, Spice Syrup kills good bacteria along with bad.
If you have a non-bacterial infection, like a cold, Spice Syrup may not be as effective because I haven’t seen any studies of plant oils on viruses. Keep in mind some other cautions, too. Constituents of plant oils can vary a lot by season, region, sub-species, and even in the same harvest! So even if Self Health uses the same recipe each time, your bottle may vary in effectiveness. Another point to remember is the studies were done in laboratories. Although we expect plant oils to work the same in our bodies, and my own experience supports this, it’s not guaranteed. Finally, if you have shortness of breath, or high fever, or chest pain, or your coughing is excessive, or produces blood, or thick, discolored mucus, it’s more serious than any cough syrup can treat. See a doctor.
Hypocrite Heal Thyself
At the start of this article you may have noticed a few jabs at drug makers. I can’t resist taking a jab at outspoken opponents of alternative health, too.
You have a powerful, safe, proven, over-the-counter, general purpose weapon against illness, simply because you considered alternate medicine. What does the mainstream public have, now that cough syrup formulas have been proven bad for children and undesirable for adults (no better than placebo and possibility of side effects)? They don’t even have a warning. The FDA had to repeat themselves.10
Anti-alt-med websites, like quack watch, acupuncture watch, chelation watch, and chirobase did not help raise awareness, despite claiming to be science-based.11 Robert Carroll, author of The Skeptic’s Dictionary, wrote on his website after the OTC cough medicine revelation “They must be effective if millions of people swear by them. I’ve used them many times, and I know they work.” Meaning, don’t believe alternative medicine anecdotal evidence, but do believe me, even in the face of scientific studies. He needs a dose of his own medicine.
Footnotes
1 http://articles.sfgate.com/2004-07-08/news/17433102_1_over-the-counter-cough-medicines-consumer-healthcare-products-association-dextromethorphan
2 http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=1486831
3 http://www.medpagetoday.com/Pediatrics/GeneralPediatrics/6431
4 http://www.medpagetoday.com/Pediatrics/GeneralPediatrics/6949
5 http://www.medpagetoday.com/InfectiousDisease/URItheFlu/8071
6 http://www.greendaily.com/2008/01/17/honey-stops-coughing-better-than-otc-drugs/
7 http://drclarkstore.com/spice-syrup-3oz.html
8 Dorman, H.J.D. and Deans, S.G. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2000, 88, 308-316.
9 Sivropoulou et. al. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Origanum Essential Oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1996, 44, 1202-1205.
10 http://www.medpagetoday.com/Pediatrics/GeneralPediatrics/8008
11 http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-01-22/features/0601220326_1_cough-medicines-over-the-counter-cough-vacation-homes